![]() New rulesĬhess spread rapidly around 500 years ago after European players promoted a slow-moving piece into the powerful modern-day queen, giving the game more zip. ![]() Neither are grumbles that computers have made the game boring. People have played chess for around 1,500 years, and tweaks to the rules aren’t new. “Now we see a system like AlphaZero used for creative exploration in tandem with humans rather than opposed to them.” “Chess engines were initially built to play against humans with the goal of defeating them,” says Nenad Tomašev, a DeepMind researcher who worked on the project. The project also showcased a more collaborative mode for the relationship between chess players and machines. Kramnik says its latest results reveal beguiling new vistas of chess to be explored, if people are willing to adopt some small changes to the established rules. In 2017, AlphaZero showed it could teach itself to roundly beat the best computer players at either chess, Go, or the Japanese game shogi. He teamed up with Alphabet artificial intelligence lab DeepMind, whose researchers challenged their superhuman game-playing software AlphaZero to learn nine variants of chess chosen to jolt players into creative new patterns. Wednesday, Kramnik presented some ideas for how to restore some of the human art to chess, with help from a counterintuitive source-the world’s most powerful chess computer. “You don’t even play your own preparation you play your computer’s preparation.” “For quite a number of games on the highest level, half of the game-sometimes a full game-is played out of memory,” Kramnik says. He partly blames computers, whose soulless calculations have produced a vast library of openings and defenses that top-flight players know by rote. Yet Kramnik, who retired from competitive chess last year, also believes his beloved game has grown less creative. His passion for the artistry of minds clashing over the board, trading complex but elegant provocations and counters, helped him dethrone Garry Kasparov in 2000 and spend several years as world champion. Chess has a reputation for cold logic, but Vladimir Kramnik loves the game for its beauty.
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